Relationships between Family Socioeconomic Status and Mathematics Achievement in OECD and Non-OECD Countries

This article examines the relationships between family socioeconomic status (SES) and mathematics achievement across countries while taking into account (a) country’s development (b) types of resources (physical versus human) available at home. The 2012 round Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data were analyzed using necessary condition analysis (NCA) procedures. study found that only human resource aspects SES, is, parental education occupational status, statistically significant conditions more developed, OECD countries. By contrast, none 10 SES variables showed significant, less non-OECD Therefore, countries’ differ depending on their developmental by different measures SES. Some practical implications are discussed along with limitations directions future studies.